Social Security at 7. Years: An International Perspective. Is the historical development of the Old- Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program unique or similar to the development of social security programs in other industrialized countries? Program Results and Evaluation. Historical Evolution of Programs for Older Americans. The Social Security Act passed; provides for Old Age Assistance and Old Age Survivors Insurance. Effects of the Program. 37 4.1 Other Income of Old Age Security Recipients. FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE. Extension of Effective Date for Temporary Pilot Program Setting the Time and Place for a Hearing Before an Administrative Law Judge. Assessment Program OverviewA core component of ICS-CERT’s risk. A core component of ICS-CERT’s risk management mission is conducting security assessments in partnership. The Cyber Security Evaluation. Program Description These benefits are paid to the disabled widow or widower of a deceased worker who had earned enough Social Security credits. Be at least 62 years old or under age 62 and caring for a child. Social Security program was adopted some 4. Western European nations. The United States thus had the opportunity to choose from a number of models and clearly chose to follow the classic social insurance path of such countries as Austria, France, and Germany, which in 1. Although based on the traditional social insurance model, OASDI evolved in certain unique ways, including the rejection over the course of succeeding decades of any reliance on general revenue financing, the importance attached to long- range (7. The author is Director of the Division of Program Studies, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Administration. The findings and conclusions presented in the Bulletin are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Social Security Administration. Introduction. The history of the United States is in many ways exceptional, giving rise to an important body of academic research propounding . Adopted by Congress in 1. Social Security Act was landmark legislation that established not only an old- age insurance program but also mandatory unemployment insurance and funding for state- administered old- age assistance. The United States was a relative latecomer in covering its employed workers with compulsory old- age insurance, and perhaps for this reason it is not surprising that the U. S. The OASDI program today exhibits in many respects the same classic social insurance principles that can be found in several other national old- age insurance systems. However, after 7. OASDI program appear to be particularly characteristic of the U. S. The discussion that follows singles out three of the more striking characteristics of the U. S. The discussion begins with a look at the historical context of U. S. Social Security. Origins of U. S. Social Security in an International Context. Most historians of U. S. Social Security have expressed both wonder and puzzlement as to how a virtually full- blown social insurance program could have been incorporated in the 1. Social Security Act. The task of the principal drafters working for the Committee on Economic Security, appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1. 93. Great Depression. In a message to Congress in 1. Roosevelt served notice that he intended to propose a comprehensive program of social insurance. Roosevelt emphasized that it was not . It is rather a return to values lost in the course of our economic development and expansion. Universal coverage of all wage earners and self- employed persons was not achieved at an early date in these countries; the gradual expansion of programs to cover all categories of workers (such as white- collar workers, clerics, and local government officials) was only completed near the end of the 2. At their inception, most European old- age insurance programs covered only blue- collar workers, reflecting their governments' desire for more stability in the labor markets and to fend off the political threat of national socialism and communism. Even today, France, Italy, and Greece have multiple public old- age pension programs, posing a significant obstacle to advancing coherent and unified national pension policies. Universal old- age assistance programs adopted by Denmark in 1. Iceland in 1. 90. Norway in 1. 92. 3 attracted little support among Social Security advocates in the United States. Even the noncontributory, means- tested flat- rate pension adopted by the United Kingdom in 1. Atlantic, although the United Kingdom was the leading industrial power of its time and its historic ties with the United States would have meant that American experts closely followed British social security developments. There was a similar lack of enthusiasm regarding the Canadian initiative, which put in place a universal federal old- age assistance program in 1. United States as the only major industrialized country which had not implemented a public old- age income security program before the Great Depression. The biographies and autobiographies of proponents of Social Security in the United States reveal that many of them were indeed very well- informed about the history and development of social security in Europe and elsewhere. Two of the activists, Paul H. Douglas and John Winant, authored publications explaining how European social security models could be adopted in the United States. Douglas, who eventually became a U. S. Senator from Illinois, previously served as an economic advisor to Roosevelt when the latter was governor of New York. Douglas was a front- row player when Social Security was enacted in 1. Roosevelt signed the legislation, he wrote what is no doubt the first history of Social Security, and advocated many of the first amendments, which were adopted in 1. Prior to 1. 93. 5, Douglas traveled several times to Europe, collecting information on the German and other European social security systems. Other important reformers included Abraham Epstein and I. M. Rubinow, both of whom had European roots and were considered experts about social security systems abroad. Major players such as Douglas, Epstein, and Rubinow were influenced in their thinking by the growing strength of the American Association for Labor Legislation (AALL), founded in 1. European- based International Association for Labor Legislation. AALL membership grew from a handful to well over 3,0. Louis Brandeis, Samuel Gompers, Woodrow Wilson, and Jane Addams. In the decades preceding the adoption of Social Security, the AALL focused primarily on encouraging the states to adopt workers' compensation, which proved to be a great success, and health insurance, which met with far less success and many more legal obstacles and political opposition. Although not its top priority, the adoption of Social Security was nevertheless part of the AALL strategy, which advocated the view that while workers' compensation and health insurance could be administered by the states, the mobility of workers required that old- age income security should be a national program as in the European nations (B. The consensus from President Roosevelt down to the original members of the Committee on Economic Security was that Social Security should not be compared to the . Along with the preference for . Although the United States was a relative latecomer to the list of industrialized countries with national old- age income security programs, the U. S. Many newly independent and developing countries were influenced by the U. S. Social Security model during this period, notably in Latin America (Bolivia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Panama), where national programs were first introduced in the 1. Asia, particularly in Japan, which reformed its social security laws under American influence. In 1. 96. 5, Canada added an earnings- related old- age pension program, closely modeled on U. S. The Social Security Administration provided significant technical assistance to many countries during the postwar period, providing actuarial services and administrative expertise to the newly established programs. The United States was, moreover, closely associated with the 1. In 1. 95. 2, the ILO adopted Convention 1. ILO member states. Convention 1. 02 is a legal instrument still used today as a set of benchmarks for nations in evaluating their social security legislation. Ironically, the Director General of the ILO at the time of the 1. Declaration was John G. Winant, the former governor of New Hampshire and the first chairman of the three- man Social Security Board established by the Social Security Act in 1. U. S. One of the best- known schools of thought in this respect has been led by G. Originally, Esping- Andersen identified three main streams of the welfare state: the social democratic stream, prevalent in Scandinavia, emphasizing universality and benefit uniformity; the liberal stream,1 which relies in part on means testing and leaves ample room for the development of employer- sponsored solutions; and lastly, the conservative- corporate stream, prevalent in continental Europe, which permits social insurance programs for health and old age to develop along occupational lines, with each occupational group striving to achieve the best protection possible through collective agreements (Esping- Andersen 1. Esping- Andersen redefined his categorizations of the welfare state several times, but U. S. The problem for the United States (as well as some other countries) was that, if applied too rigidly, elements describing the U. S. Nevertheless, the value of such exercises in comparative research has been to gain new insights into the particular features of any national system and to ponder the extent to which any national system truly stands apart. Noteworthy Historical Features of the U. S. Social Security System. Although the OASDI program may not be unique among national public pension programs, some features have strongly influenced its historical development and thus may qualify as being particularly characteristic of the U. S. As one who had worked in the financial and insurance sector, Roosevelt was convinced of the merits of social insurance over the social assistance approach. He wanted workers to . He was also clearly convinced of the merits of using the payroll tax over other forms of financing: I guess you're right about the economics, but those taxes were never a problem of economics. They are politics all the way through. We put those payroll contributions there as to give the contributors a legal, moral, and political right to collect pensions. There have been examples over time of using general revenues to fund certain earmarked benefits, but they represent small amounts in terms of total Social Security expenditures.
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Navy Accepts Delivery Of Future USS Arlington. By Mar. Ex 2. 01. The Navy accepted delivery of the eighth LPD 1. USS Arlington (LPD 2. Huntington Ingalls Industries Dec. Accepting delivery of Arlington represents the official transfer of the ship from the shipbuilder to the Navy and is a major milestone in the ship's transition to operational status. Fact sheet for: Amphibious Transport Dock - LPD Navy.mil Home Page Navy.mil Home Page Subscribe to Navy News Service Navy.mil Underway Home About Status of the Navy. USS New York (LPD-21), the fifth San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock, is the fifth ship of the United States Navy to be named after the state of New York. New York has a crew of 360 and can carry up to 700 Marines. It is notable for using a symbolic. By integrating shipboard status information and combat system data it will be possible to minimize the effect of a weapon hit. There will be either a Joint or Navy UAV Program by FY 2002-3 that the LPD 17 Class will need to interoperate with (either organic or. Program Status LHAs 4 & 5 are in-service. LHA 6 (America) is planned for delivery to the Fleet in 2013. Multiple Purpose Amphibious Assault Ships - LHD Description The largest of all amphibious warfare ships; resembles a small aircraft carrier; capable of (V. Darren Plath, LPD 1. Navy's Program Executive Office for Ships. Functionally replacing more than 4. LPD 4, LSD 3. 6, LKA 1. LST 1. 17. 9 classes of amphibious ships), these ships provide the Navy and Marine Corps with modern platforms that are networked and survivable. Their principal mission is to deploy the combat and support elements of Marine Expeditionary Units and Brigades, projecting power ashore through the high speed landing craft, air cushion (LCAC) and the Osprey tilt- rotor aircraft (MV- 2. Among the ships' innovations are state- of- the- art combat control and electronics systems; the Ship Self Defense System, which provides the key integration and control portion of the ship's total combat system, including sensors, weapons, data links and the Cooperative Engagement Capability; and the Shipboard Wide Area Network, a fiber- optic, ship- wide area computer network that includes both classified and unclassified components. Steel recovered from the Pentagon will be displayed onboard once the ship is commissioned, which is planned for next spring in its homeport of Norfolk, Va. Currently, the majority of shipbuilding programs managed by PEO Ships are benefiting from serial production efficiencies, which are critical to delivering ships on cost and schedule. Navy Lpd Program Status ReportsNavy Lpd Program Status PptN Av Y P r o G r A M S 154 LPD-17 San Antonio . DOT&E provided an Early Fielding Report to Congress in May 2008. N av y P R O G R a M S LPD 17 San Antonio Class Amphibious Transport Dock LPD 17 San Antonio 133 Executive Summary Status: in active service Notes: Program cost $18.6 billion Unit cost $1.7 billion (FY 2011) Badge: General characteristics. Wikimedia Commons has media related to USS San Antonio (LPD-17). USS San Antonio official website navsource.org: USS article. Read Frequently Asked Questions about Osteopathy. What is Osteopathy? Osteopathy (founded in 1. Dr. Andrew Taylor Still in USA) is an established internationally recognized manual medicine system of diagnosis and treatment, which lays its main emphasis on the structural and functional integrity of the musculoskeletal system. Osteopaths use a variety of hands- on physical treatments. These include techniques such as soft tissue therapy, osteoarticular mobilization, high velocity low amplitude manipulation, muscle energy, positional facilitated release, Still's, strain and counterstrain, cranial osteopathy, visceral manipulation, therapeutic joint specific exercises, global, oscillatory, thermogenic, manual mechanotherapy & lymphatic drainage. These techniques are normally employed together with exercise, dietary, and occupational advice in an attempt to help patients recover from pain, disease and injury. European style Osteopaths do not prescribe medications or perform surgery, while American style osteopaths perform surgery and prescribe medications as well as using osteopathic techniques in managing a patient's condition. National University of Medical Sciences offers a 4 years full time program in the European style of osteopathy leading to a doctor of osteopathy (DO) degree as well as a 3 years full time bachelor of science in osteopathy. What is the Minimum Academic Admission Requirement? Any student with a grade 1. BSc) in osteopathy program. The DOMP program may be taken as a campus based program or online on-demand. The tuition for students without previous health education is $10,813 (Canadian) for the complete campus based manual osteopathy program at our York. Ethiopia Scholarships; Ethiopia - scholarships for Ethiopian students. Undergraduate scholarships for Ethiopians. Postgraduate scholarships for Ethiopians. Full scholarships for needy Ethiopians. COVER STORY: Hitting the Janitorial Jackpot; EDITORIAL: At Least 20%.; The Winner's Circle; Secrets of Success: Midwest Office; Industry News; NOPA News; Paul Miller: When Politics and Governing Collide; Marisa. Have some FAQs that cross your mind about osteopathy? Read frequently asked questions about Osteopathy at NUMSS. Visalia, Calif., (September 9, 2016)– Tulare County Agricultural Commissioner released the current status today of major crops in the second most valued county in the California Ag portfolio. They report that A mostly dry. Students who wish to enrol in the doctor of osteopathy (DO) program must have a bachelor's degree or must have a professional degree in a doctoral program such as chiropractic, medicine, or physiotherapy. Students who do not have the above requirements may take the duel degree program of BSc/DO (4 years FT). The dual degree program allows students to obtain a bachelor's degree concurrently with the DO program, thus fulfilling the pre- requisites needed to enter the DO program without spending additional time. However the dual programs require more effort and studying. To enrol in the MBA, MSc (P) or MSc (AT) program students either must have a university bachelor's degree or must have a professional degree such as DO, DC, PT, ND, OD. Students who do not have the above requirements may take the duel degree program of BSc (O)/ MSc (P), BSc (O)/MBA or BSc (O)/MSc (AT). On Wednesday, the Kohl’s Department Stores’ (NYSE: KSS) Kohl’s Cares . Three youths from the Orlando-area were. The Power 100: Influential Players Running Washington & the World . Easily share your publications. American Soybean Association 12125 Woodcrest Executive Dr., Ste. 100 Saint Louis, MO 63141 314-576-1770. Total number of Ns found: 10060 (57%) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z NA NB NC ND NE NF NG NH NI NJ NK NL NM NN NO NP NQ NR NS NT NU NV NW NX NY NZ Top Missing Submit. Number of NAs found: 514 (76%. How Long are the Degree Programs? The program length depends on student background. There are 3 categories of students entering National University of Medical Sciences. Category 1 are regular students. Category 2 are students with previous health education. Category 3 are students who possess a doctoral degree. The DO program is 4 years full time (for regular category 1 students ), 2 years full time (for category 2 students with previous health education), & 1year full time (for category 3 students who are doctors or physiotherapists). The BSc program in osteopathy is 3 years full time (category 1), 1 year full time (category 2), & 6 months full time (category 3). The MBA & MSc (AT) programs are 1 year full time for all students. How much is the tuition? Tuition for each semester is . Is There a Tuition Discount For Health Practitioners? All students who have previous health education receive discounts of up to 8. DO) or the Bachelor of Science in Osteopathy program. The exact amount of discount depends on student's educational background. Please see the tuition page to know the exact amount of tuition for different categories of students. There is no discount available for the MBA or MSc (AT) programs. Is There a Tuition Discount for Students Who Enrol in Dual Degree Programs? Yes. All students, regardless of previous health experience receive discounts when enrolled in one of NUMSS dual degree programs. The exact amount of discount depends on the program. Please see the tuition page for the exact amount of available discount. Is There a Tuition Discount for Students Who Are on Welfare or Disability? No. Tuition discount is not available to students who receive social assistance or disability support. When Do the Degree Programs Start? All degree programs start twice per year; September 0. February 0. 3rd of each year. Is Financial Help & Student Loans Available? Financing any professional program requires considerable planning and budgeting. All major financial institutions and banks have loan programs and/or lines of credit available to NUMSS (Spain) students. Please contact your bank for details such as eligibility requirements, interest rates and applications. Government student loans are not available for any of our programs. National University of Medical Sciences (Spain) does not offer any student loans. What Degrees Offered? National University of Medical Sciences (Spain) offers 3. BSc, MA, MSc, DO, DPT and Ph. D. Students may also enrol in the programs concurrently to receive two or three degrees together upon graduation. The following combinations are permitted. Taking combined programs saves time and tuition. But they are generally more intensive and require more study time.< lib. B. Sc(O) / MBAMBA / DOBSc(O) / MSc (AT)B. Sc. What Employment Opportunities Exist For Osteopaths? Upon graduation; osteopaths have the option of opening their own clinics; or to rent rooms in established medical, assessment, health or rehab clinics and benefit from cross referrals; or to work as employees in other osteopathic, medical, chiropractic, physiotherapy, massage or rehab clinics. Most osteopaths work in private clinics, often as sole proprietor, associate or employee. However, the increase in multidisciplinary health care facilities and physical rehabilitation clinics has opened new opportunities for these osteopaths to collaborate with other health care professionals (such as family physicians, massage therapists, naturopaths, athletic therapists, kinesiologists, podiatrists, chiropodists, occupational therapists, ergonomists, & acupuncturists) and benefit patients with interprofessional care. A small numbers of osteopaths also work in hospitals, nursing homes, health spas, sports teams, insurance companies claims services department, fitness clubs, cruise ship spas, colleges, universities, private schools, motor vehicle accident (MVA) assessment centres and other institutions. Most new graduates start their professional work as employees. Later they establish their own private clinics. What is the Average Salary of Osteopaths? The average salary for a new osteopath who works as an employee in a medical, assessment, health or rehab clinic is approximately $3. North America, Australia and the Western Europe. Osteopaths in private practise generally charge between $6. Osteopathic treatments are covered by most extended health plan insurers in Canada, England, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Germany and a number of other countries. However in most countries patients pay out of pocket for osteopathy treatments as private or government insurance is not available. In certain countries such as Iran; there is a six months waiting list for patients to see an osteopath. There is a large demand for services provided by osteopaths in most parts of the world. There is zero unemployment in this profession. All osteopaths find employment in a short time upon graduation. What is the Unemployment Rate for Osteopaths? There is virtually no unemployment in osteopathy. All graduates find employment after graduation or they open their own private clinics independently or in partnership with established medical, physiotherapy, massage or rehab clinics. How Many Osteopaths Practice in the World? There are approximately 4. UK, 1. 50. 0 manual osteopaths in Canada, 1. Brazil and 6. 7,0. USA, and a few thousands more spread around the world in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Panama, Colombia, China, Iran, India, South Korea, Japan, Greece, South Africa, Singapore, Vietnam, Venezuela, Latvia, St Martin, Barbados, Jamaica, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, Pakistan, Israel, Austria, Germany, Portugal, Italy, and Netherlands amongst others . Nearly half of them are women. What Countries Offer Osteopathy Education? USA has the largest number of osteopathic medical colleges & universities. Osteopathic medicine is only taught in the USA. Osteopathy colleges and universities around the world teach the European style of osteopathy. There are osteopathy colleges in Canada, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium, Germany, Russia, England, Poland, Israel, Italy, New Zealand, and France. Is NUMSS Tuition Tax Deductible? Yes. Any expenses incurred to obtain a degree at NUMSS is a tax- deductible expense in most countries such as United Kingdom, Canada, USA, Australia, New Zealand and most Western European countries. Students receive a receipt for tuition paid. The cost of books and supplies are also tax deductible in most countries. However you should consult with the tax authorities of your jurisdiction to check on eligibility. What are the Differences Between Osteopathy & Chiropractic? Chiropractors and osteopaths are all medical professionals who treat patients with a focus on the musculoskeletal system, including the spine, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Historically there is a political answer relating to the founder of osteopathy, Dr Andrew Taylor Still, falling out with his student, Dr. Palmer, who then went on to be the founder of chiropractic. The principle working difference is that osteopaths tend to use more rhythmical and gentler techniques while chiropractors use more often stronger, high velocity, low amplitude manipulative techniques. Essentially, both offer valuable and useful services, and each can be included in a holistic healthcare regimen. There are now many multidisciplinary clinics offering osteopathy, chiropractic, physiotherapy, acupuncture and massage therapy services. Cal. Ag. Net - California Ag Network. Fresno, Calif., (August 5, 2. Barley, oat, and wheat were harvested; straw was baled and stacked waiting to be shipped; cultivation of post- harvest in some fields was underway. Silage corn grew tall and was nearing harvest; corn for fodder (silage) continued to be planted. Rice fields grew well and promised a good crop and irrigation continued. Alfalfa grown for seed production started to set seed. Sweet corn in Huron District was being harvested and then after allowed the stalks were shredded for silage. Fields were then cultivated to prepare for the next crop. Cotton continued to grow and flowered; cultivation, irrigation, and pest control treatments were underway in many fields. Garbanzo beans and safflower were being harvested. Fields of lettuce grown for seed bloomed and hand weeding was on going. Alfalfa seed was exported to Spain and Sudan. Table grapes continued to be inspected by the county for maturity, quality and packing requirements. Harvest had been ongoing for wine and table varieties. Growers continued to cultivate, irrigate, and treat their vineyards as needed for diseases, pests and weeds. Raisin grape growers knocked down furrows to prepare the ground for laying down grape trays. Stone fruit orchards floors were irrigated and prepared for harvest time; all progressed well and harvest had begun successfully with nectarines, peaches, and plums. Late varieties of stone fruit continued to ripen; herbicide applications and disking continued in many orchards including apricots, pears, cherries, and quince. Jujubes were ripening, walnuts, pistachios, and pomegranates were sizing. Almond hulls in some Kerman District orchards had begun to split and growers were treating to control worms and mites. Walnuts were treated for codling moth. Dried fruits (peach, raisins, and prunes), nuts (walnuts and almonds); apples (Galaxy and Gala), Asian pears (Crunchy Gold and Hosui), apricots/IS apricots (Black Velvet II, Brittany Gold, Late Brittany Gold, Ruby Velvet, Summer Gold); grapes (Black Corinth, Flame Seedless, IGF- 5, Summer Royal, Princess, Sheegene- 2. Ivory), Thomcords, and Thompson Seedless); nectarines (Arctic Queen, August Bright, August Glo, August Pearl, Candy Pearl, Fire Pearl, Giant Pearl, Grand Bright, Grand Pearl, Honeyliscious, Honey Royale, Majestic Pearl, Prima Diamond 1. Prima Diamond 1. 9, Prince Jim, Red Pearl, Ruby Diamond, and Sugarine); peaches (Candy Princess, Elegant Lady, Glacier White, Ivory Queen, Ivory Rose, July Flame, Late Saturn, Pink Princess, Pink Saucer, Prima Peach 1. Prima Peach 2. 0, Prima Peach 2. Queen Jewel, Red Giant, Red Glacier, Snow Blaze, Snow Giant, Sugar Crisp, Sweet Dream, Snow King, Snow Magic, Snow Princess, Summer Flame 2. Summer Sweet, Summer Zee, Henry, White Honey, and Zee Lady); plums/IS plums (Blackberry Burst, Black Knight, Big Daddy, Candy Stripe, Catalina, Cherry, Dapplicious, Dapple Dandy, Dapple Dino, Dapple Phoenix, Dinosaur Egg, Dino Supreme, Ebony Gold plums/IS plums continued ( Ebony Treat, Flavor Grenade, Flavor Heart. Flavor King, Flavor Queen, Fortune, Friar, Fruit Punch, Golden Dragon, Mango Tango, October Sun, Owen T, Red Phoenix, Royale Majesty, Ruby Cat, Ruby Red, Sierra Rose, Simka, and Sugar Red Dino) were exported to Algeria, Australia, Austria, Brazil, British Columbia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Portugal, France, French Polynesia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. Leaf lettuce for seed production has bolted and was setting seed. Growers transplanted the second crop of melons, eggplant, cucumber, and squash. Fresh and processing tomatoes were harvested; other fields continued to be fertilized, cultivated, and treated to control pests, fungus, and weeds when needed. New plantings were on going; a few tomatoes fields in Firebaugh District were being weeded by hand. Blueberry harvest season has ended and new plantings of blueberry were on going. Eggplant, garlic, onion, melons (cantaloupe, honeydew, mixed melons and watermelon), and squash were exported to Brazil, French Polynesia Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, and Taiwan. Some roadside stands were offering a large variety or produce for sale such as: basil, cucumbers, garlic, red onions, eggplant, okra, stone fruit, grapes, melons, and a variety of peppers, tomatoes, and squash. The groves in Reedley District continued to receive treatments to control scale, ants and snails. While some older orchards were being pruned, new groves of mandarins, lemons and newer varieties of navel oranges continued to be planted. Valencia oranges, tangelos, grapefruit and lemons were packed. Olives grew; some groves in Sanger District were being pruned and the fields cultivated. Valencia oranges were exported to Korea. The eastern slope of the Coast Range Mountains was very dry. Ranchers grazed sheep and cattle in fallow fields, harvested alfalfa and small grain fields, or shipped them to higher rangeland or BLM leases. Paul’s Hospital – Vancouver
The Dutch Living Donor Kidney Exchange Program. Het Nederlandse donorruil programma. FAQ for LKD; Kidney Care and Transplant Services. The Living Donor Program pays for appropriate testing ordered by the program. Kidneys for transplantation may come from a living donor or a person who has. HCMC is active in a paired exchange program that may still allow you to help. Hospital for Sick Children – Toronto Kingston General Hospital Centre Hospitalier de l’Universit. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke R. Dumont Hospital Living Kidney Donor (LKD) Program. As a living donor you can donate your bone and amniotic membrane. How to make a donation. To become a living kidney or liver donor: contact your local transplant centres, or; email: [email protected]; To become a tissue. Kidney Paired Donation. Kidney paired exchanges are a major breakthrough in living donations and are revolutionizing living donor. The difference in the example shown below from the “Kidney Paired Exchange” is that. Rgan and Tissue Autority donatelife.gov.au evel 6, 221 ondon ircuit anberra AT 2600 P ox 29 ivic uare AT 260 T 02 619 900 F 02 619 901 LIVING DONATION AND THE AUSTRALIAN PAIRED KIDNEY EXCHANGE PROGRAM August 2016 DONOR #1 DONOR #2. Contact your nearest Living Kidney Donor Program Donors & Recipients. If you are a potential donor or recipient and are interested in the Living Donor Paired Exchange program, please contact the Living Kidney Donor Program. Donor Exchange System Works for Liver Transplants Paired donor exchange systems to avoid blood type incompatibility problems can work for liver transplants as they have for kidneys, researchers said. Providence Health Care’s Living Kidney Donor Program assesses and educates individuals wishing to be considered as a living kidney donor. There are three ways to be a living kidney donor: Donating a compatible kidney. Cape Breton Regional Hospital – Sydney Contact Us If you would like to direct your inquiry to Canadian Blood Services, please send an e- mail to: Le “Manine” Di Primavera. L’Emiro E Le Sue Odalische. La Gradisca E Il Principe. Ti Recordi Di “Siboney”? Danzando Nella Nebbia. Tutti A Vedere Il Rex. Nino Rota – Harmonia Ensemble. Buongiorno Nino 04:39 02. Amarcord (Jaki Byard) 2. Quanto Mi Piace La Gradisca. La Gradisca Si Sposa E Se Ne Va.
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Proposals for the following Focused Research Project are now being accepted by the Manitoba Gambling Research Program.The Research Program on Gambling is led by Dr. Kate Tracy, Associate Professor and Vice-Chair for Research Services in the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at the University of Maryland School of. Problem gambling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Problem gambling (or ludomania, but usually referred to as . Problem gambling is often defined by whether harm is experienced by the gambler or others, rather than by the gambler's behavior. Severe problem gambling may be diagnosed as clinical pathological gambling if the gambler meets certain criteria. Pathological gambling is a common disorder that is associated with both social and family costs. The DSM- 5 has re- classified the condition as an addictive disorder, with sufferers exhibiting many similarities to those who have substance addictions. The term gambling addiction has long been used in the recovery movement. This is due to the symptomatology of the disorder resembling an addiction not dissimilar to that of substance- abuse. Subjects' reactions were measured using f. MRI, a neuroimaging technique. And according to Hans Breiter, co- director of the Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, . These authors point out that social factors may be a far more important determinant of gambling behaviour than brain chemicals and they suggest that a social model may be more useful in understanding the issue. There is a partial overlap in diagnostic criteria; pathological gamblers are also likely to abuse alcohol and other drugs. This phenomenon was initially described for alcoholism, but it has also been applied to pathological gambling. Also biological data provide a support for a relationship between pathological gambling and substance abuse. Fifty- eight percent admitted they wrote bad checks, while 4. In a 1. 99. 1 study of relationships of American men, it was found that 1. Only 2% of men who did not gamble were married more than twice. The council also said that suicide rates among pathological gamblers were higher than any other addictive disorder. According to him, Las Vegas, the largest gaming market in the United States, . In Atlantic City, the second- largest gaming market, he found . Second, some individuals use problem gambling as an escape from the problems in their lives (an example of negative reinforcement). Third, personality factors play a role, such as narcissism, risk- seeking, sensation- seeking and impulsivity. Fourth, problem gamblers suffer from a number of cognitive biases, including the illusion of control. Fifth, problem gamblers represent a chronic state of a behavioral spin process, a gambling spin, as described by the criminal spin theory. It consists of ten diagnostic criteria. One frequently used screening measure based upon the DSM- IV criteria is the National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS). The Canadian Problem Gambling Inventory (CPGI) and the Victorian Gambling Screen (VGS) are newer assessment measures. The Problem Gambling Severity Index, which focuses on the harms associated with problem gambling, is composed of nine items from the longer CPGI. The VGS has proven validity and reliability in population studies as well as Adolescents and clinic gamblers. Treatment. However, no one treatment is considered to be most efficacious and no medications have been approved for the treatment of pathological gambling by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Only one treatment facility. Modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous, GA uses a 1. There are three in- patient treatment centers in North America. This type of therapy focuses on the identification of gambling- related thought processes, mood and cognitive distortions that increase one's vulnerability to out- of- control gambling. Additionally, CBT approaches frequently utilize skill- building techniques geared toward relapse prevention, assertiveness and gambling refusal, problem solving and reinforcement of gambling- inconsistent activities and interests. Commercial alternatives that are designed for clinical intervention, using the best of health science and applied education practices, have been used as patient- centered tools for intervention since 2. They include measured efficacy and resulting recovery metrics. The motivational interviewing's basic goal is promoting readiness to change through thinking and resolving mixed feelings. Avoiding aggressive confrontation, argument, labeling, blaming, and direct persuasion, the interviewer supplies empathy and advice to compulsive gamblers who define their own goal. The focus is on promoting freedom of choice and encouraging confidence in the ability to change. With the advancement of online gambling, many gamblers experiencing issues use various online peer- support groups to aid their recovery. This protects their anonymity while allowing them to attempt recovery on their own, often without having to disclose their issues to loved ones. Some of the harms resulting from problem gambling include depression, suicide, lower work productivity, job loss, relationship breakdown, crime and bankruptcy. Also, 2. 7 to 4. 3 percent could be called probable pathological gamblers. The building of new hotels and casinos has been described as . Harmful gambling in the study was prevalent among those living within 1. The study's data stated. This compared to an average of 2. A further 1. 4% to 2. Australian adult population experienced moderate risks making them likely to be vulnerable to problem gambling. Gambling Addiction: The Problem, the Pain, and the Path to Recovery. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 8. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: Mc. Graw- Hill Medical. Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Department of Neuroscience. Retrieved 9 February 2. Problem Gambling and Harm: Towards a National Definition(PDF) (Report). Ministerial Council on Gambling. University of Maryland Medical Center. Retrieved April 4, 2. R.; Jackson, Alun C.; Dowling, Nicki A.; Volberg, Rachel A.; Thomas, Shane A. Journal of Gambling Studies: 1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. Retrieved June 7, 2. Broadcast Interactive. Retrieved May 7, 2. Archives of General Psychiatry. Biological Psychiatry. Retrieved November 1. Retrieved September 3, 2. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. British Journal of General Practice. Letter: Gambling with lives. Retrieved April 1. What do We Know About Gambling and Problem Gambling in New Zealand?(PDF) (Report). The New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved July 2. Legalized Gambling: America's Bad Bet. Huntington House Publishers. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 5. Retrieved June 7, 2. Archived from the original on July 1. German Journal of Psychiatry. Journal of Clinic Psychiatry. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. Retrieved May 7, 2. National Council on Problem Gambling. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior. Problem gambling: Cognition, prevention and treatment. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Biological Psychology. European Journal of Criminology. Retrieved May 2. 6, 2. Retrieved May 2. 6, 2. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy. The Behavior Analyst Today. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry. Gambling Research Panel. Retrieved 2. 2 September 2. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2. American Journal of Psychiatry. European Gaming and Betting Association. Retrieved April 4, 2. National Centre for Social Research. Archived from the original(PDF) on November 2. American Gaming Association. Retrieved April 4, 2. Gambling Impact and Behavior Study. National Gambling Impact Study Commission. Gambling and Problem Gambling in Nevada(PDF) (Report). Nevada Department of Human Resources. Retrieved April 8, 2. American Journal of Public Health. Journal of Gambling Studies. Gambling and Problem Gambling in Ontario(PDF) (Report). Responsible Gambling Council. Retrieved April 8, 2. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. HM - The business of Accommodation. Retrieved December 1. The Conversation Australia. Retrieved December 1. Productivity Commission Inquiry Report, Gambling, Vol 1, 2. SmartDraw, Download kostenlos. SmartDraw 2014: Professionelle Diagramme mit Leichtigkeit erstellen. Mit SmartDraw erstellt man Flussdiagramme auf professionelle Weise. Zahlreiche Zeichenfunktionen der. SmartDraw is the only software that solves this problem. Before SmartDraw, the only option for adding visuals to business communication was to use manual. SmartDraw 2010 Reviewer’s Guide Copyright Desde SmartDraw Software: SmartDraw 2010 hace que sea m Smart. Draw - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Smart. Draw is a visual processor used to create flowcharts, organization charts, mind maps, project charts, and other visuals. Smart. Draw is compatible only with Windows operating systems. SmartDraw 2010 is a versatile program that helps you easily create a variety of drawings from flowcharts to floor plans. Even landscape designs, family trees and crime scenes! SmartDraw is the world's first visual processor. In the same way that a. Free Diagram & Flowchart Software for Drawing, Creation & Visualization. Currently unavailable. 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Number of Projected Cancer Cases by Site of Cancer in India (2008 to 2010, 20) State-wise Number of Patients Benefitted and Amount Released under Health. Doing cancer trials in India: opportunities and pitfalls. India's population currently is 1.03 billion and is growing at 1.7% per year, which means that the country. Research into causes, prevention, and treatment of stomach cancer is ongoing in many medical centers throughout the world. Find out what's new here. NCI-supported clinical trials are those sponsored or otherwise financially supported by NCI. Search Tip: For more search options, use our advanced search. Is Merck above the law? By Norma Erickson. July 2. 01. 4: As a result of continued investigations regarding clinical trials involving HPV vaccines in India, more allegations of unethical conduct have been lodged against Merck. These allegations pertain to Merck’s recent trials of the new V5. HPV vaccine, a proposed nine valent HPV vaccine. A complete report of the investigation results written by Dr. Anand Rai, Kelly O’Connor, Amoli Tuli, and Anisha Bhattacharya is now a matter of public record. The additional allegations of multiple ethics violations were added to a currently ongoing Supreme Court Case via an affidavit added as an addendum to the brief previously prepared regarding the ’demonstration projects’ conducted by a U. S NGO PATH in India beginning in 2. The deaths of subjects during the ’demonstration projects’ resulted in a government- ordered enquiry and suspension of all HPV vaccine trials in India pending further investigation. This suspension was effective as of April 2. Ultimately, the suspension and subsequent investigations allowed advocates in India to take their case all the way to the Supreme Court. The petition for the case was formally admitted by the judges on January 7, 2. Ethical concerns in clinical trials in India: an investigation i Executive summary This report is the product of a journalistic investigation on clinical trials.By September 2. 01. Indian Parliament issued a scathing comment condemning all organizations involved in the so- called ’demonstration projects’ calling them a case of child abuse expressly carried out to create a market for the two companies – Merck and Glaxo. Smith. Kline. According to new allegations, Merck ignored the suspension of HPV- related clinical trials and continued with a phase III trial of the yet- to- be- approved investigational HPV vaccine called V5. HPV to the ones already included in their current HPV vaccine, Gardasil. Allegations of Merck’s Misconduct. The supplemental affidavit submitted to the Supreme Court of India states that Merck and/or their representatives committed the following violations of basic human rights: 1. MSD Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Pre- licensure Phase III trials were carried out at many centres in India. One of these centres was Indore. In Indore this vaccine was administered to 4. A field study with the participants was carried out by Dr. Anand Rai and others and is detailed in the Annexure. The timing of this trial was such that vaccination was carried out during the same period when Respondent no. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, had asked all HPV related studies to suspend vaccination. As such then this was a violation of the government orders. The Annexure also lists in detail all the problems with this trial on a case by case basis, some of them are summarized below: a) This clinical trial was not preceded by any trial among adults thereby violating the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. This trial had the approval of the Respondent No. The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI), who violated the law that his job specifically asked him to uphold. The petitioners have complained to the court that is the second time regarding HPV vaccines the DCGI bestowed this favour on Merck and its associates. The trial used middle men and women acting as agents of the investigator who went around residential areas recruiting subjects in complete violation of all national and international guidelines. The trial was carried out at a government hospital using government stationery and seal even though this was a privately sponsored trial of the company thereby misusing the trust parents place in the governmental vaccination programmes. The parents and children were told that they were getting a successful vaccine from abroad free which would otherwise cost Rs 1. This was a blatant lie as this vaccine was not approved for marketing anywhere in the world. Also this constituted undue inducement to recruit children to this trial. None of the participants were informed that they were participating in a clinical trial. Economically vulnerable sections and those from scheduled castes and minorities were recruited for the trial, those who would not be able to afford the vaccine if and when it is marketed; thereby the trial further violated all laws and guidelines in this regard. Merck listed history of allergic reaction that required medical intervention, currently enrolled in another clinical trial, subject is pregnant, subject is immunocompromised or has taken immunosuppressants in the last year, subject has received a marketed HPV vaccine or participated in an HPV vaccine clinical trial and subject has history of positive test for HPV as exclusion criteria for this clinical trial. No examinations of the children who were selected for participation were undertaken prior to administration of the V5. There was no placebo involved in this trial, simply three different lots of V5. From the beginning to end, there was no examination of the children for their health status, and even though the trial was supposedly carried out to determine the safety of the vaccine not even fever post vaccination was recorded. No medical care was provided for the health problems of the children nor were they provided any compensation. The study found many children who continue to suffer new medical problems even as late as 2. Out of the 1. 2 individuals interviewed, 4 have experienced health problems after the vaccine, such as mood swings, persistent stomach aches, dizziness, late onset of periods and severe anaemia. One boy whose family was interviewed has suffered extreme weight loss. Though the investigation covered only the trial centre at Indore the entire list of trial centres is placed in the supplemental affidavit for information. In all hundreds of children have been affected in India. One would think all of the complaints filed against PATH and Merck during the ’demonstration projects’ for Gardasil would have caused them to be on their best behavior. But apparently, when the government officials in India called a halt to any trials relating to HPV, Merck thought the decree did not apply to them. Either that, or they believed themselves powerful enough to be above the law. Whatever the motivation, it appears hundreds more economically disadvantaged children and their families were put at risk by their participation in a clinical trial they were not told they were taking part in. Compound this disregard for informed consent with participants being told they were priviledged to receive a successful and very expensive vaccine from overseas. Nevermind the fact that this ’successful vaccine’ had not been approved for use in any country in the world. The people of India are not the only ones who may suffer the effects of this particular set of clinical trials. What ’results’ will Merck report to the rest of the world on this set of trials where the exclusion criteria was apparently ignored? What ’results’ will Merck report to the rest of the world when no adverse events were recorded? One can certainly assume the adverse events which apparently were not recorded will no longer exist. Will pretending these new medical conditions did not happen allow Merck to report their new V5. HPV vaccine is safe? Is Merck above the law? Will Merck be allowed to ignore the international laws protecting the basic right of informed consent prior to participation in clinical trials? Will Merck be allowed to continue to exploit economically disadvantaged people then extrapolate the resulting ’conclusions’ to the entire population of the world? One can only hope the Supreme Court in India decides to protect the health and well- being of their young people by responding to the complaints of the organizations who put forth the allegations in a manner which will stop these types of abuses from ever happening in their country again. By doing so, India’s Supreme Court Judges could help protect all of the world’s young people. The Supreme Court of India has scheduled the final hearing of this case for August 1. The Court’s decision should be rendered on that date. Whatever the ultimate outcome, advocates around the world will be watching. Read this article in French here. |
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